HUMAN FACTOR — DETERMINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

1. Management of technological processes of development of hydrocarbons, particularly by search, survey, extraction, transportation and processing of oil has always been in the conditions of uncertainty. Impressive achievements of geology and geophysics, computer simulation, informational support and intellectualization of oil and gas production considerably reduced it and, correspondingly, many risks connected with it.

2. However, sophistication of oil extraction systems, which has acquired evident exponential character with the "advent" of oilmen to the sea, the Arctic, transition to the technique of horizontal drilling of gigantic deep water offshore platforms and creation of underwater production, equal to space stations in terms of sophistication and knowledge content, significantly increased uncertainty and risks, already determined by factors of random and nonlinear nature in the conduct of technological complexes. And, if one takes into consideration such an aspect of modern development of fuel power energy, as concentration in people's hands of huge power, reaching gigawatts, which they manage, then the above risks acquire a planetary scale. It's quite sufficient to recall the recent disaster in the Gulf of Mexico.

3. In this connection, especially alarming is the increasing gap between the set of competencies, which specialists master within the frames of traditional system of training, including that in a higher educational institution and afterwards, including corporate training, and necessary for the realization of the agenda projects of development of the Arctic shelf.

The efficient development of modern and future multi-functional projects objects, like Shtockman field, which can employ hundreds of specialists of various profile, representing various ethnic groups and cultures, different companies, with hazards and abnormal situations possible any minute and threatening lives of the personnel and global ecological situation, requires the corresponding design and technological solutions with ultimately different level of joint organization an coordination of joint activity of workers and specialists, regulation of responsibility, including aspects of their interaction, a comprehensive monitoring and control of the equipment operation and general environment, including the state of every employee, minimization delays in taking adequate decisions. It is obvious that the present-day techniques and standards of training must be revised to raise their level and give them the international status.

4. I. M. Gubkin's University has developed and introduced new educational technique aimed at the liquidation of the above gap. It is based on the creation of the system of interconnected computer-based simulators for every working place at highly intellectual oil to the personnel training in the petroleum industry, offered by I. M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. field, which can be considered as a virtual environment for professional activity of engineers of oil and gas profile, and which can be used as a medium to train students and specialists with working experience during their professional retraining or further training. Control of the results of joint activity of students, geologists, geophysicists, drillmen, developers, mechanics, power engineers, ecologists etc., working on simulator in the preset and random conditions; the control of every person is exercised from the Center of field development, which is analogical in many respects to the Spacecraft Control Center, and also the Center of control of oil-wells, which are available in the leading oil companies.

5. The government has funded a project amounting to 1,5 bln.dollars. A substantial financial aid to the project came not only from Russian companies , but from "BP" as well. While colleagues from "Halliburton" and "Schlumberger" took an active and motivated part in the development of software for this training complex, and scenarios of the abovemen-tioned collective trainings that are aimed at providing the specialists with necessary professional competencies of a team work on future sophisticated objects of oil industry. It is a certain evidence of estreme relevance of the new approach to the personnel training in the petroleum industry, offered by I. M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas.